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The development of GFRP stems from the increasing demand for new materials that are higher performing, lighter in weight, more resistant to corrosion, and more energy efficient. With the development of material science and the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology, GFRP has gradually gained a wide range of applications in various fields.GFRP generally consists of fiberglass and a resin matrix. Specifically, GFRP comprises three parts: fiberglass, resin matrix, and interfacial agent. Among them, fiberglass is an important part of GFRP. Fiberglass are made by melting and drawing glass, and their main component is silicon dioxide (SiO2). Glass fibers have the advantages of high strength, low density, heat, and corrosion resistance to provide strength and stiffness to the material. Second, the resin matrix is the adhesive for GFRP. Commonly used resin matrices include polyester, epoxy, and phenolic resins. Resin matrix has good adhesion, chemical resistance, and impact resistance to fix and protect fiberglass and transfer loads. Interfacial agents, on the other hand, play a key role between fiberglass and resin matrix. Interfacial agents can improve the adhesion between fiberglass and resin matrix, and enhance the mechanical properties and durability of GFRP.
General industrial synthesis of GFRP requires the following steps:
(1) Fiberglass preparation: The glass material is heated and melted, and prepared into different shapes and sizes of fiberglass by methods such as drawing or spraying.
(2) Fiberglass Pretreatment: Physical or chemical surface treatment of fiberglass to increase their surface roughness and improve interfacial adhesion.
(3) Arrangement of fiberglass: Distribute the pre-treated fiberglass in the molding apparatus according to the design requirements to form a predetermined fiber arrangement structure.
(4) Coating resin matrix: Coat the resin matrix uniformly on the fiberglass, impregnate the fiber bundles, and put the fibers in full contact with the resin matrix.
(5) Curing: Curing the resin matrix by heating, pressurizing, or using auxiliary materials (e.g. curing agent) to form a strong composite structure.
(6) Post-treatment: The cured GFRP is subjected to post-treatment processes such as trimming, polishing, and painting to achieve the final surface quality and appearance requirements.
From the above preparation process, it can be seen that in the process of GFRP production, the preparation and arrangement of fiberglass can be adjusted according to different process purposes, different resin matrices for different applications, and different post-processing methods can be used to achieve the production of GFRP for different applications. In general, GFRP usually has a variety of good properties, which are described in detail below:
(1) Lightweight: GFRP has a low specific gravity compared to traditional metal materials, and is therefore relatively lightweight. This makes it advantageous in many areas, such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment, where the dead weight of the structure can be reduced, resulting in improved performance and fuel efficiency. Applied to building structures, the lightweight nature of GFRP can effectively reduce the weight of high-rise buildings.
(2) High Strength: Fiberglass-reinforced materials have high strength, especially their tensile and flexural strength. The combination of fiber-reinforced resin matrix and fiberglass can withstand large loads and stresses, so the material excels in mechanical properties.
(3) Corrosion resistance: GFRP has excellent corrosion resistance and is not susceptible to corrosive media such as acid, alkali, and salt water. This makes the material in a variety of harsh environments a great advantage, such as in the field of marine engineering, chemical equipment, and storage tanks.
(4) Good insulating properties: GFRP has good insulating properties and can effectively isolate electromagnetic and thermal energy conduction. This makes the material widely used in the field of electrical engineering and thermal isolation, such as the manufacture of circuit boards, insulating sleeves, and thermal isolation materials.
(5) Good heat resistance: GFRP has high heat resistance and is able to maintain stable performance in high-temperature environments. This makes it widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, and power generation fields, such as the manufacture of gas turbine engine blades, furnace partitions, and thermal power plant equipment components.
In summary, GFRP has the advantages of high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance, good insulating properties, and heat resistance. These properties make it a widely used material in the construction, aerospace, automotive, power, and chemical industries.