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1. Development and Application of Nanoscale Sizing Agent Precision Coating Technology

Nanoscale sizing agent precision coating technology, as a cutting-edge technology, plays a crucial role in improving the performance of glass fibers. Nanomaterials, due to their large specific surface area, strong surface activity, and superior physicochemical properties, can significantly improve the compatibility between the sizing agent and the glass fiber surface, thereby enhancing their interfacial bonding strength. Through the coating of nanoscale sizing agents, a uniform and stable nanoscale coating can be formed on the glass fiber surface, strengthening the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, thus significantly improving the mechanical properties of the composite material. In practical applications, advanced processes such as sol-gel method, spraying method, and dipping method are used for the coating of nanoscale sizing agents to ensure the uniformity and adhesion of the coating. For example, using a sizing agent containing nano-silane or nano-titanium, and applying it uniformly to the glass fiber surface using the sol-gel method, a nanoscale SiO2 film is formed on the glass fiber surface, significantly increasing its surface energy and affinity, and enhancing its bonding strength with the resin matrix.

2. Optimized Design of Multi-component Synergistic Sizing Agent Formulations

By combining multiple functional components, the sizing agent can form a composite functional coating on the glass fiber surface, meeting the special needs of glass fiber composite materials in different application fields. Multi-component sizing agents can not only improve the bonding strength between glass fibers and the matrix but also endow them with various properties such as corrosion resistance, UV resistance, and resistance to temperature changes. In terms of optimized design, components with different chemical activities are usually selected, and a synergistic effect is achieved through reasonable proportions. For example, a mixture of bifunctional silane and polymer polymers such as polyurethane and epoxy resin can form a cross-linked structure through chemical reactions during the coating process, significantly enhancing the adhesion between the glass fiber and the matrix. For special needs in extreme environments requiring temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, an appropriate amount of high-temperature resistant ceramic nanoparticles or corrosion-resistant metal salt components can be added to further improve the overall performance of the composite material.

3. Innovation and Breakthroughs in Plasma-Assisted Sizing Agent Coating Process

Plasma-assisted sizing agent coating process, as a new surface modification technology, forms a uniform and dense coating on the surface of glass fibers through physical vapor deposition or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, effectively improving the interfacial bonding strength between glass fibers and the matrix. Compared with traditional sizing agent coating methods, the plasma-assisted process can react with the glass fiber surface through high-energy plasma particles at low temperatures, removing surface impurities and introducing active groups, enhancing the affinity and chemical stability of the fibers. After coating with plasma-treated glass fibers, not only can the interfacial bonding strength be significantly improved, but it can also provide additional functions such as hydrolysis resistance, UV resistance, and temperature difference resistance. For example, treating the glass fiber surface with a low-temperature plasma process and combining it with an organosilicon sizing agent can form a UV-resistant and high-temperature-resistant coating, extending the service life of the composite material. Studies have shown that the tensile strength of glass fiber composites coated with plasma-assisted methods can be increased by more than 25%, and their anti-aging performance is significantly improved in alternating temperature and humidity environments.

4. Research on the Design and Preparation Process of Smart Responsive Sizing Agent Coatings

Smart responsive sizing agent coatings are coatings that can respond to changes in the external environment, and are widely used in smart materials, sensors, and self-healing composite materials. By designing sizing agents with environmental sensitivity to temperature, humidity, pH, etc., glass fibers can automatically adjust their surface properties under different conditions, thereby achieving intelligent functions. Smart responsive sizing agents are usually achieved by introducing polymers or molecules with specific functions, allowing them to change their physicochemical properties under external stimuli, thus achieving an adaptive effect. For example, using sizing agent coatings containing temperature-sensitive polymers or pH-sensitive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) can cause glass fibers to undergo morphological changes in temperature changes or acidic and alkaline environments, adjusting their surface energy and wettability. These coatings allow glass fibers to maintain optimal interfacial adhesion and durability in different working environments [27]. Studies have shown that glass fiber composites utilizing smart responsive coatings maintain stable tensile strength under temperature changes and exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in acidic and alkaline environments.